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+
+# Tutorial on CEPCSW simulation
+
+Tao Lin
+IHEP
+17 Sept. 2020
+[CEPCSW Tutorial, 2020, IHEP](https://indico.ihep.ac.cn/event/12341/other-view?view=standard)
+
+---
+
+## What will learn in this Tutorial?
+
+* As Users
+ * Run a simple simulation job in CEPCSW
+ * Understand and Customize the simulation
+ * Analyze the simulation output
+* As Developers
+ * Understand the simulation framework
+ * Learn basics on Geant4 simulation
+ * Simulate with different detector options
+* Note: the emoji :writing_hand: means exercises
+
+---
+
+### CEPCSW Simulation Framework
+
+
+
+* The simulation chain is driven by Gaudi.
+* Detector description is from DD4hep.
+* Event Data Model is in EDM4hep format.
+* Detector response is done by Geant4.
+
+----
+
+#### Code is on GitHub
+* Detector description: [See Detector](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Detector)
+* Event generator interface: [See Generator](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Generator)
+* Detector simulation: [See Simulation](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation)
+ * [DetSimInterface: Gaudi Tool interface](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation/DetSimInterface)
+ * [DetSimCore: integrate Gaudi and Geant4](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation/DetSimCore)
+ * [DetSimGeom: integrate with DD4hep](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation/DetSimGeom)
+ * [DetSimAna: collect data from Geant4](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation/DetSimAna)
+ * [DetSimSD: detector response](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Simulation/DetSimSD)
+* Job options: [See Examples/options](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/tree/master/Examples/options)
+
+---
+
+### Run simulation in CEPCSW
+
+* The simulation is run by following command:
+```bash
+$ ./run.sh Examples/options/tut_detsim.py
+```
+* The job option: `Examples/options/tut_detsim.py`. <!-- .element: style="color:yellow; " -->
+* :writing_hand: copy the job option into your current directory. Edit your job option in the later exercises.
+```bash
+$ cp Examples/options/tut_detsim.py my_detsim.py
+```
+
+---
+
+### What's inside the job option?
+* Random Number Service
+ * Use `Seeds` option to control the random number sequences.
+* Event Data Service and PODIO writer
+* Geometry Service
+ * Different detector options could be loaded here via `compact` option.
+* Physics generator algorithm
+* Detector simulation algorithm
+
+
+---
+
+#### Save detector response into ROOT file
+```python
+from Configurables import PodioOutput
+out = PodioOutput("outputalg")
+out.filename = "test-detsim10-seed42.root"
+out.outputCommands = ["keep *"]
+```
+* The EDM4hep format is used in the detector response.
+* All the collections created in simulation will be saved.
+* :writing_hand: modify the output file name.
+
+---
+
+#### Control how many events to be simulated
+```python
+from Configurables import ApplicationMgr
+ApplicationMgr( TopAlg = [genalg, detsimalg, out],
+ EvtSel = 'NONE',
+ EvtMax = 10,
+ ExtSvc = [rndmengine, dsvc, geosvc],
+)
+```
+* :writing_hand: modify the `EvtMax` property and check the entries in the output.
+
+
+---
+
+#### Random Number
+```python
+from Configurables import RndmGenSvc, HepRndm__Engine_CLHEP__RanluxEngine_
+
+# rndmengine = HepRndm__Engine_CLHEP__RanluxEngine_() # The default engine in Gaudi
+rndmengine = HepRndm__Engine_CLHEP__HepJamesRandom_() # The default engine in Geant4
+rndmengine.SetSingleton = True
+rndmengine.Seeds = [42]
+
+```
+
+* Seed is used to initialize the state of the random number engine.
+* If two job set the same seed, the outputs will be same.
+* :writing_hand: modify the seed and see the difference.
+
+---
+
+#### Geometry / Detector Description
+```python
+geometry_option = "CepC_v4-onlyVXD.xml"
+
+geometry_path = os.path.join(os.getenv("DETCEPCV4ROOT"),
+ "compact", geometry_option)
+
+from Configurables import GeoSvc
+geosvc = GeoSvc("GeoSvc")
+geosvc.compact = geometry_path
+```
+* The compact file is in XML format, which describes the detector.
+* :writing_hand: change the geometry path and run simulation again.
+```
+geometry_path = "Detector/DetEcalMatrix/compact/det.xml"
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Customize primary particles
+##### Particle Gun
+```python
+gun = GtGunTool("GtGunTool")
+gun.Particles = ["pi+", "pi-"]
+gun.EnergyMins = [100., 100] # GeV
+gun.EnergyMaxs = [100., 100] # GeV
+
+gun.ThetaMins = [0, 0] # deg
+gun.ThetaMaxs = [180., 180] # deg
+
+gun.PhiMins = [0., 0.] # deg
+gun.PhiMaxs = [360., 360.] # deg
+```
+
+* Particle name can be found in [`$ROOTSYS/etc/pdg_table.txt`](https://github.com/root-project/root/blob/master/etc/pdg_table.txt)
+* :writing_hand: change the particles, energies and directions.
+
+----
+
+##### Event Generators
+```python
+stdheprdr = StdHepRdr("StdHepRdr")
+stdheprdr.Input = "/cefs/data/stdhep/CEPC250/2fermions/E250.Pbhabha.e0.p0.whizard195/bhabha.e0.p0.00001.stdhep"
+
+genalg = GenAlgo("GenAlgo")
+genalg.GenTools = ["StdHepRdr"]
+
+```
+* There are several readers to read the output of event generators in different formats
+ * StdHep: `StdHepRdr`, lcio: `SLCIORdr`, HepMC: `HepMCRdr`.
+* :writing_hand: use the different readers to load different samples.
+* [The existing samples could be found here.](http://cepcsoft.ihep.ac.cn/guides/Generation/docs/ExistingSamples/)
+
+---
+
+#### Customize Geant4 using [built-in commands](http://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/geant4-userdoc/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/Control/AllResources/Control/UIcommands/_.html)
+##### :writing_hand: Turn on the verbose during tracking
+```python
+detsimalg.RunCmds = [
+ "/tracking/verbose 1",
+]
+# Or
+detsimalg.RunMacs = [
+ "run.mac",
+]
+```
+```bash
+# Below is the content of run.mac
+/tracking/verbose 1
+```
+
+* Each step will be print out. Remeber to redirect the output to a file.
+```bash
+$ ./run.sh my_detsim.py >& mylog
+```
+
+----
+
+##### Geant4 tracking output
+```
+*********************************************************************************************************
+* G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+Step# X(mm) Y(mm) Z(mm) KinE(MeV) dE(MeV) StepLeng TrackLeng NextVolume ProcName
+ 0 0 0 0 1e+05 0 0 0 pWorld initStep
+ 1 1.03e+03 1.8e+04 1.1e-12 0 0 1.8e+04 1.8e+04 pWorld conv
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+* G4Track Information: Particle = e+, Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+Step# X(mm) Y(mm) Z(mm) KinE(MeV) dE(MeV) StepLeng TrackLeng NextVolume ProcName
+ 0 1.03e+03 1.8e+04 1.1e-12 2.91e+04 0 0 0 pWorld initStep
+ 1 1.04e+03 1.8e+04 -0.00523 2.91e+04 0.0117 54.9 54.9 pWorld eIoni
+ 2 1.04e+03 1.81e+04 -0.00912 2.91e+04 0.00604 38.7 93.6 pWorld eIoni
+ 3 1.06e+03 1.84e+04 -0.0404 2.91e+04 0.0634 321 415 pWorld eIoni
+ 4 1.06e+03 1.84e+04 -0.0416 2.91e+04 0.00234 13.1 428 pWorld eIoni
+
+```
+<!-- .element: style="color:yellow; font-size:small" -->
+
+* From this output, you can see the current track and its stepping information.
+* Particle name, current track ID, parent track ID
+* Step position, deposit energy
+
+----
+
+##### :writing_hand: Visualize using Geant4
+
+* Enable following command in your job option:
+```python
+detsimalg.VisMacs = ["Examples/options/vis.mac"]
+```
+* :warning: If your X Server supports the G4 OpenGL, the detector will be shown.
+ * Try [Xming X Server](https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/) in Windows.
+* :notebook: [Visualization in Geant4 Documentation](http://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/geant4-userdoc/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/Visualization/visualization.html)
+ * G4 UI commands during visualization
+```
+/vis/scene/add/axes 0 0 0 3 m
+/vis/scene/add/magneticField
+```
+
+----
+
+
+##### Snapshot: The Qt based Geant4 visualization
+
+
+
+:writing_hand: Play with Geant4 Visualization
+<!-- .element: style="color:yellow" -->
+
+---
+
+### Analyze the simulation output
+* :writing_hand: Modify the geometry option and run the simulation
+```python
+geometry_option = "CepC_v4-onlyECAL.xml"
+```
+* :writing_hand: Plot the `EcalBarrelCollection` in ROOT
+```
+root [] events->Draw("EcalBarrelCollection.position.y:EcalBarrelCollection.position.x")
+root [] events->Draw("EcalBarrelCollection.position.y:EcalBarrelCollection.position.x", "Entry$==0")
+```
+<!-- .element: style="color:yellow; font-size:small" -->
+
+----
+
+#### See the branches in the `events` tree
+```
+root [] events->Print()
+*............................................................................*
+*Br 146 :EcalBarrelCollection.cellID : *
+* | ULong64_t cellID[EcalBarrelCollection_] *
+*Entries : 10 : Total Size= 1398779 bytes File Size = 420214 *
+*Baskets : 4 : Basket Size= 32000 bytes Compression= 3.33 *
+*............................................................................*
+*Br 147 :EcalBarrelCollection.energy : Float_t energy[EcalBarrelCollection_]*
+*Entries : 10 : Total Size= 699855 bytes File Size = 163107 *
+*Baskets : 3 : Basket Size= 32000 bytes Compression= 4.29 *
+*............................................................................*
+*Br 148 :EcalBarrelCollection.position.x : Float_t x[EcalBarrelCollection_] *
+*Entries : 10 : Total Size= 699865 bytes File Size = 466951 *
+*Baskets : 3 : Basket Size= 32000 bytes Compression= 1.50 *
+*............................................................................*
+*Br 149 :EcalBarrelCollection.position.y : Float_t y[EcalBarrelCollection_] *
+*Entries : 10 : Total Size= 699865 bytes File Size = 469393 *
+*Baskets : 3 : Basket Size= 32000 bytes Compression= 1.49 *
+*............................................................................*
+*Br 150 :EcalBarrelCollection.position.z : Float_t z[EcalBarrelCollection_] *
+*Entries : 10 : Total Size= 699865 bytes File Size = 560229 *
+*Baskets : 3 : Basket Size= 32000 bytes Compression= 1.25 *
+*............................................................................*
+```
+<!-- .element: style="color:yellow; font-size:small" -->
+
+
+---
+
+
+# Thank you for your attention
+
+* [Create issue](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/issues): Report a bug
+
+* [Pull Request](https://github.com/cepc/CEPCSW/pulls): Fix a bug or Implement a feature
+
+Your contributions are welcome!
+</div>
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