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+\documentclass[a4paper]{jpconf}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{DD4hep: A Detector Description Toolkit \\
+for High Energy Physics Experiments}
+
+\author{
+M.Frank\textsuperscript{1},
+F.Gaede\textsuperscript{2},
+C.Grefe\textsuperscript{1},
+P.Mato\textsuperscript{1}
+}
+
+\address{\textsuperscript{1} CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland}
+\address{\textsuperscript{2} Desy, 22607 Hamburg, Germany}
+
+\ead{Markus.Frank@cern.ch}
+
+%=============================================================================
+\begin{abstract}
+%=============================================================================
+
+\noindent
+The detector description is an essential component that is used to analyze data
+resulting from particle collisions in high energy physics experiments.
+We will present a generic detector description toolkit
+and describe the guiding requirements and the architectural design for
+such a toolkit, as well as the main implementation choices.
+The design is strongly driven by easy of use;
+developers of detector descriptions and applications using
+them should provide minimal information and minimal specific
+code to achieve the desired result.
+The toolkit will be built reusing already existing components
+from the ROOT geometry package and provides missing functional
+elements and interfaces to offer a complete and coherent
+detector description solution. A natural integration to
+Geant4, the detector simulation program used in high energy physics,
+is provided.
+\end{abstract}
+
+%=============================================================================
+% The document starts here:
+%=============================================================================
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Introduction}
+%=============================================================================
+\label{sec:introduction}
+\noindent
+The development of a coherent set of software tools for the description of
+High Energy Physics detectors from a single source of information has been
+on the agenda of many experiments for decades.
+Providing appropriate and consistent detector views to simulation,
+reconstruction and analysis applications from a single information source
+is crucial for the success of the experiments.
+Detector description in general includes not only the geometry and the
+materials used in the apparatus, but all parameters describing e.g. the
+detection techniques, constants required by alignment and calibration,
+description of the readout structures, conditions data, etc.
+
+\noindent
+The design of the DD4hep toolkit\cite{bib:DD4hep}
+is shaped on the experience of detector description
+systems, which were implemented for the LHC experiments, in particular
+the LHCb experiment~\cite{bib:LHCb,bib:LHCb-geometry},
+as well as the lessons learnt from other
+implementations of geometry description tools developed for
+the Linear Collider community~\cite{bib:ILD,bib:SiD}.
+Designing a coherent set of tools, with most of the basic components
+already existing in one form or another, is an opportunity for getting
+the best of all existing solutions.
+DD4hep aims to widely reuse used existing software components, in particular
+the ROOT geometry package~\cite{bib:ROOT-tgeo}, part of the
+ROOT project\cite{bib:ROOT}, a tool for
+building, browsing, navigating and visualizing detector geometries. The
+code is designed to optimize particle transport through complex
+structures and works standalone with respect to any Monte-Carlo
+simulation engine. The ROOT geometry package provides
+sophisticated 3D visualization functionality, which is ideal for building
+detector and event displays. The second component is
+the Geant4 simulation toolkit~\cite{bib:geant4}, which is used to
+simulate the detector response from particle collisions in complex designs.
+In DD4hep the geometrical
+representation provided by ROOT is the main source of information.
+In addition DD4hep provides the automatic conversions to other geometrical
+representations, such as Geant4, and the convenient usage of these
+components without the reinvention of the existing functionality.
+
+\noindent
+In Section~\ref{sec:architectural-concepts} the scope and the high-level
+requirements of the DD4hep toolkit are elaborated (in the following
+also called "the toolkit"). This is basically the high level vision
+of the provided functionality to the experimental communities.
+In Section~\ref{sec:toolkit-design} the high-level or architectural design
+of the toolkit is presented, and in subsequent subsections design
+aspects of the various functional components and their interfaces will be
+introduced.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Project Scope and Requirements}
+%=============================================================================
+\label{sec:architectural-concepts}
+\noindent
+The detector description should fully describe and qualify
+the detection apparatus and must expose access to all information
+required to interpret event data recorded from particle collisions.
+Experience from the LHC experiments has shown that a generalized
+view, not limited only to geometry, is very beneficial in order to obtain
+a coherent set of tools for the interpretation of collision data.
+This is particularly important in later stages of the experiment's life cycle,
+when a valid set of detector data must be used to analyze real or simulated
+detector response from particle collisions. An example would be an alignment
+application, where time dependent precise detector positions are matched
+with the detector geometry.
+
+\noindent
+The following main requirements influenced the design of the toolkit:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf{Full Detector Description.}} The toolkit should be able to
+ manage the data describing the detector geometry, the materials used
+ when building the structures,
+ visualization attributes, detector readout information, alignment,
+ calibration and environmental parameters - all that is
+ necessary to interpret event data recorded from particle collisions.
+\item {\bf{The Full Experiment Life Cycle}} should be supported.
+ The toolkit should support the development of the detector concepts,
+ detector optimizations,
+ construction and later operation of the detector.
+ The transition from one phase to the next should be simple and not require
+ new developments. The initial phases are characterized by very $ideal$
+ detector descriptions, i.e. only very few parameters are sufficient
+ to describe new
+ detector designs. Once operational, the detector will be different
+ from the ideal detector, and each part of the detector will have
+ to have its own specific parameters and conditions,
+ which are exposed by the toolkit.
+\item {\bf{One single source of detector information}} must be sufficient
+ to perform all data processing applications such as simulation,
+ reconstruction, online trigger and data analysis.
+ This ensures that all applications see a coherent description.
+ In the past attempts by experiments to re-synchronize parallel
+ detector descriptions were always problematic.
+ Consequently, the detector description is the union of the information
+ needed by all applications, though the level of detail may be selectable.
+\item {\bf{Ease of Use}} influenced both
+ the design and the im\-ple\-men\-tation. The definition of sub\-detectors,
+ their geometrical description and the access to con\-ditions and alignment
+ data should follow a minimalistic, simple and intuitive interface.
+ Hence, the of the developer using the toolkit is focused on specifics of
+ the detector design and not on technicalities handled transparently by
+ the toolkit.
+\end{itemize}
+
+%=============================================================================
+\begin{figure}[h]
+ \vspace{-1cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[height=70mm] {DD4hep_big_picture.png}
+ \caption{The components of the DD4hep detector geometry toolkit.}
+ \label{fig:dd4hep-big-picture}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{-0.4cm}
+\end{figure}
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Toolkit Design}
+\label{sec:toolkit-design}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+Figure~\ref{fig:dd4hep-big-picture} shows the architecture
+of the main components of the toolkit and their interfaces
+to the end-user applications, namely the simulation, reconstruction,
+alignment and visualization.
+The central element of the toolkit is the so-called generic detector
+description model. This is an in-memory model, i.e., a set of C++ objects
+holding the data describing the geometry and other information of
+the detector. The rest of the toolkit consists of tools and interfaces
+to input or output information from this generic detector model.
+The model and its components will be described in subsequence sections.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\subsection{The Compact Detector Description}
+\label{sec:problem_analysis}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+Inspired from the work of the linear collider detector
+simulation~\cite{bib:LCDD,bib:lcsim}, the compact detector description is used
+to define an ideal detector as typically used during
+the conceptual design phase of an experiment.
+The compact description in its minimalistic form is probably not going to
+be adequate later in the detector life cycle and
+is likely to be replaced or refined when a more realistic detector
+with deviations from the ideal would be needed by the experiment.
+
+\noindent
+In the compact description the detector is parametrized in minimalistic terms
+with user provided parameters in XML.
+XML is an open format, the DD4hep parsers do not validate against a fix schema
+and hence allow to easily introduce new elements and attributes to describe
+detectors. This feature minimizes the burden on the end-user while still
+supporting flexibility.
+%Figure~\ref{fig:fig-vxd-xml} shows a partial example of how to describe an ideal
+%silicon-based vertex detector with regular disposition of ladders
+%in 2 layers in total.
+Such a compact detector descriptions cannot be interpreted in a
+general manner, therefore so called $Detector$ $Constructors$ are needed.
+
+%=============================================================================
+%\begin{figure}[h]
+% \begin{center}
+% \includegraphics[width=16cm] {DD4hep_compact_xml.png}
+% \caption{An example sniplett of the compact detector description. The
+% example shows the description of a 2 layered silicon vertex
+% detector.}
+% \label{fig:fig-vxd-xml}
+% \end{center}
+% \vspace{-0.6cm}
+%\end{figure}
+%=============================================================================
+
+%=============================================================================
+\subsection{Detector Constructors}
+\label{sec:detector-constructors}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+Detector Constructors are relatively small code fragments that get
+as input an XML element from the compact description that represents
+a single detector instance. The code interprets the data and expands
+its geometry model in memory using the elements from the generic detector
+description model described in section~\ref{subsec:generic-model}.
+The toolkit invokes these code fragments in a data driven way
+using naming conventions during the initialization phase of the
+application. Users focus on one
+single detector type at the time, but the toolkit supports them to still
+construct complex and large detector setups.
+Two implementations are currently supported: One is based on
+C++, which performs better and is able to detect errors at
+compiler time, but the code is slightly more technical.
+The other is based on Python fragments, the code is more readable and
+compact but errors are only detected at execution time.
+
+\noindent
+The compact description together with the detector constructors are sufficient
+to build the detector model and to visualize it. If during the lifetime of the
+experiment the detector model changes, the corresponding constructors will
+need to be adapted accordingly.
+DD4hep provides already a palette of basic pre-implemented geometrical detector
+concepts to design experiments. In view of usage of DD4hep as a detector
+description toolkit, this library may in the future also adopt
+generic designs of detector components created by end users e.g. during the design
+phase of future experiments.
+%=============================================================================
+\begin{figure}[t]
+ \vspace{-0.8cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[height=80mm] {DD4hep_classes.png}
+ \caption{Class diagram with the main classes and their relations
+ for the Generic Detector Description Model. The implementing
+ ROOT classes are shown in brackets.}
+ \label{fig:dd4hep-detector-model}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{-0.5cm}
+\end{figure}
+%=============================================================================
+\subsection{Generic Detector Description Model}
+\label{subsec:generic-model}
+%=============================================================================
+
+\noindent
+This is the heart of the DD4hep detector description toolkit. Its purpose is
+to build in memory a model of the detector including its geometrical aspects
+as well as structural and functional aspects. The design reuses the elements
+from the ROOT geometry package and extends them in case required functionality
+is not available. Figure~\ref{fig:dd4hep-detector-model} illustrates the main
+players and their relationships.
+Any detector is modeled as a tree of $Detector$ $Elements$, the entity
+central to this design, which is represented in the implementation by
+the $DetElement$ class~\cite{bib:LHCb-geometry}. It offers all
+applications a natural entry point to any detector part of the experiment
+and represents a complete sub-detector (e.g. TPC), a part of a
+sub-detector (e.g. TPC-Endcap), a detector module or any other convenient
+detector device.
+The main purpose is to give access to the data associated
+to the detector device. For example, if the user writes some TPC reconstruction
+code, accessing the TPC detector element from this code will provide access
+the all TPC geometrical dimensions, the alignment and calibration constants
+and other slow varying conditions such as the gas pressure, end-plate
+temperatures etc. The $Detector$ $Element$ acts as a data concentrator.
+Applications may access the full experiment geometry and all connected data
+through a singleton object called $LCDD$, which provides
+management, bookkeeping and ownership to the model instances.
+
+\noindent
+The geometry is implemented using the ROOT geometry classes, which are used
+directly without unnecessary interfaces to isolate the end-user from the
+actual ROOT based implementation. There is one exception:
+The constructors are wrapped to facilitate a very compact and readable
+notation to end-users building custom $Detector$ $Constructors$.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\subsection{Detector Element Tree versus the Geometry Hierarchy}
+\label{subsect:detelement-hierarchy}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+The geometry part of the detector description is delegated to the ROOT classes.
+$Logical$ $Volumes$ are the basic objects used in building the geometrical hierarchy.
+A $Logical$ $Volume$ is a shape with its dimensions and consist of a given material.
+They represent unpositioned objects which store all information about
+the placement of possibly embedded volumes. The same
+volume can be replicated several times in the geometry. The $Logical$ $Volume$ also
+represents a system of reference with respect to its containing volumes.
+The reuse of instances of $Logical$ $Volumes$ for different placements
+optimizes the memory consumption and detailed geometries for complex setups
+consisting of millions of volumes may be realized with reasonable amount of memory.
+The difficulty is to identify a given positioned volume
+in space and e.g. applying misalignment to one of these volumes.
+The relationship between the Detector Element and the placements
+is not defined by a single reference to the placement, but the full path
+from the top of the detector geometry model to resolve existing
+ambiguities due to the reuse of $Logical$ $Volumes$.
+Hence, individual volumes must be identified by their full path from mother
+to daughter starting from the top-level volume.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\begin{figure}[t]
+ \vspace{-0.8cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[height=70mm] {DD4hep_detelement_tree.png}
+ \caption{The object diagram of a hypothetical TPC detector showing in
+ parallel the $Detector$ $Element$ and the $Geometry$ hierarchy and the
+ relationships between the objects.}
+ \label{fig:dd4hep-hierarchies}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{-0.3cm}
+\end{figure}
+%=============================================================================
+
+\noindent
+The tree structure of
+Detector Elements is a parallel structure to the geometrical hierarchy.
+This structure will probably not be as deep as the geometrical one since
+there would not need to associate detector information at very fine-grain
+level - it is unlikely that every little metallic screw
+needs associated detector information such as alignment, conditions, etc.
+Though this screw and many other replicas must be described in the geometry
+description since it may be important e.g. for its material contribution
+in the simulation application. Thus, the tree of Detector Elements is
+fully degenerate and each detector element object will be placed only
+once in the detector element tree as illustrated for a hypothetical
+TPC detector in Figure~\ref{fig:dd4hep-hierarchies}.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\subsection{Extensions and Views}
+\label{subsect:extesions-and-views}
+%=============================================================================
+
+\noindent
+As depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:dd4hep-big-picture} the reconstruction
+application will require special functionality extending the basics
+offered by the common detector element. This functionality may be
+implemented by a set of specialized classes that will extend the
+detector element. These extensions will be in charge
+of providing specific answers to the questions formulated by the
+reconstruction algorithms such as pattern recognition, tracking, vertexing,
+particle identification, etc. One example could be to transform a calorimeter
+cell identifier into a 3D space position in the global coordinate system.
+A generic detector description toolkit would be unable
+to answer this concrete question, however it provides a convenient
+environment for the developer to slot-in code fragments, which implement the
+additional functionality using parameters stored
+in the XML compact description.
+
+\noindent
+Depending on the functionality these specialized component must be able to
+either store additional data, expose additional behavior or both. Additional
+behavior may easily be added overloading the $DetElement$ class using its
+internal data. The internal data is public and addressed by reference, hence
+any number of views extending the $DetElement$ behavior may be constructed
+with very small overhead. Additional data may be added by any user at any time
+to any instance of the $DetElement$ class using a simple aggregation
+mechanism shown in Figure~\ref{fig:dd4hep-extensions}. Data extensions must
+differ by their type. The freedom to attach virtually
+any data item allows for optimized attachments depending on the
+application type, such as special attachments for reconstruction,
+simulation, tracking, etc.
+%=============================================================================
+\begin{figure}[t]
+ \vspace{-1cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=95mm] {DD4hep-extensions.png}
+ \caption{Extensions may be attached to common Detector Elements which
+ extend the functionality of the common DetElement
+ class and support e.g. caching of precomputed values.}
+ \label{fig:dd4hep-extensions}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{-0.6cm}
+\end{figure}
+%=============================================================================
+This design allows to build views addressing the following use-cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{{\bf{Convenience Views}}} provide higher level abstractions
+ and internally group complex calculations. Such views simplify
+ the life of the end-users.
+\item{{\bf{Optimization Views}}} allows end-users extend the data of
+ the common detector detector element and store precomputed
+ results, which would be expensive to obtain repeatedly.
+\item{{\bf{Compatibility Views}}} help to ensure smooth periods of
+ software redesign. During the life-time of the experiment
+ often various software constructs are for functional reasons
+ re-designed and re-engineered.
+ Compatibility Views either adapt new data designs to existing application
+ code or expose new behavior based on existing data.
+\end{itemize}
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Simulation Support}
+\label{subsect:simulation-support}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+Detector-simulation depends strongly on the use of an underlying simulation toolkit,
+the most prominent candidate nowadays being Geant4~\cite{bib:geant4}.
+DD4hep supports simulation activities with Geant4 providing
+an automatic translation mechanism between geometry representations.
+The simulation response in the active elements of the detector
+is not implemented by the toolkit, since it is strongly influenced by the technical
+choices and precise simulations depends on the very specific detection techniques.
+In Geant4 this response is computed in software constructs called $Sensitive$
+$Detectors$.
+
+\noindent
+Ideally DD4hep aims to provide a generic simulation application.
+Similar to the palette of pre-implemented geometrical detector
+concepts to design experiments, it provides a palette of $Sensitive$
+$Detectors$ to simulate the detector response in form of a component library.
+Detector designers may base the simulation of a planned experiment
+on these predefined components for initial design and optimization
+studies. In a similar way easy access
+and configuration of other user actions of Geant4 is provided.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Detector Alignment Support}
+\label{subsect:alignment-support}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+The support for alignment operations is crucial to the usefulness of the
+toolkit. In the linear collider community this support is basically missing
+in all the currently used geometry description systems.
+The possibility to apply into the detector description alignment $deltas$
+(differences with respect the ideal or measured position) and read them
+from an external source is mandatory to exploit the toolkit. A typical
+alignment application would consist of calculating a new set of $deltas$
+from a given starting point, which could then be loaded and applied again
+in order to validate the alignment by recalculating some alignment residuals.
+The ROOT geometry package supports to apply an [mis]-alignment to
+$touchable$ objects in the geometry. $Touchable$ objects are identified
+by the path of positioned volumes starting with the top node
+(e.g. path=$/TOP/A_1/B_4/C_3$). Contrary to ordinary multiple placements
+of $Logical$ $Volumes$, $touchable$ objects are degenerate and only
+valid for one single volume~\cite{bib:ROOT-tgeo}.
+To simplify the usage for the end user,
+the identification of a positioned volume will be connected
+to the Detector Element, where only the relative path with respect
+to the Detector Element will have to be specified
+rather the full path from the top volume.
+The $delta$-values will have to be read from various data sources.
+The initial implementation will be based on simple XML files, later
+a connection to other sources such as the detector conditions database
+is envisaged.
+
+%%=============================================================================
+%\section{INTERCHANGE FORMATS}
+%%=============================================================================
+%\noindent
+%Figure~1 show the possibility to output and input the geometrical
+%information in some interchange format between applications.
+%We will be using the Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML),
+%which is an application-independent geometry description format based
+%on XML [5].
+%In principle, it can also be used as the primary persistent geometry
+%implementation language but its verbosity would be a natural impediment
+%during the early phases of the detector development.
+%Probably we would need to extent the existing GDML standard with the
+%additional information we have in the generic geometry model, for
+%example the detector elements, alignment constants, sensitive
+%detectors, etc. This is done typically by adding new tags and
+%new elements, which is naturally foreseen in XML. In this way
+%we will be able to fully save a detector model and be able to
+%restore it completely from a GDML file.
+
+%=============================================================================
+\section{Conclusions}
+%=============================================================================
+\noindent
+The design of the core of the DD4hep Detector Description Toolkit described
+has been implemented to a large extent and several key aspects were addressed.
+The early adoption of parts of the linear collider community is an invaluable
+asset to verify the usefulness of the implemented design. These early
+end-users help to continuously verify that the implemented functionality
+fulfills the needs of the experiment(s).
+Whereas some areas are actively worked on such as the simulation part,
+other topics such as alignment and the connection of conditions to
+detector elements are either not yet or very rudimentary implemented,
+though they were addressed in the design.
+These will be subject of future work.
+
+
+\section*{References}
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+
+\bibitem{bib:DD4hep} DD4Hep web page, http://aidasoft.web.cern.ch/DD4hep.
+
+\bibitem{bib:LHCb} LHCb Collaboration,
+ "LHCb, the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment, reoptimised detector
+ design and performance", CERN/LHCC 2003-030
+
+\bibitem{bib:LHCb-geometry} S. Ponce et al.,
+ "Detector Description Framework in LHCb",
+ International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2003),
+ La Jolla, CA, 2003, proceedings.
+
+\bibitem{bib:ILD} The ILD Concept Group,
+ "The International Large Detector: Letter of Intent",\\
+ ISBN 978-3-935702-42-3, 2009.
+
+\bibitem{bib:SiD} H. Aihara, P. Burrows, M. Oreglia (Editors),
+ "SiD Letter of Intent",
+ arXiv:0911.0006, 2009.
+
+\bibitem{bib:ROOT-tgeo} R.Brun, A.Gheata, M.Gheata, "The ROOT geometry package",\\
+ Nuclear Instruments and Methods {\bf{A}} 502 (2003) 676-680.
+
+\bibitem{bib:ROOT} R.Brun et al.,
+ "Root - An object oriented data analysis framework",\\
+ Nuclear Instruments and Methods {\bf{A}} 389 (1997) 81–86.
+
+\bibitem{bib:geant4} S. Agostinelli et al.,
+ "Geant4 - A Simulation Toolkit", \\
+ Nuclear Instruments and Methods {\bf{A}} 506 (2003) 250-303.
+
+\bibitem{bib:LCDD} T.Johnson et al.,
+ "LCGO - geometry description for ILC detectors",
+ International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2007),
+ Victoria, BC, Canada, 2012, Proceedings.
+
+\bibitem{bib:lcsim} N.Graf et al.,
+ "lcsim: An integrated detector simulation,
+ reconstruction and analysis environment",
+ International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2012),
+ New York, 2012, Proceedings.
+
+%\bibitem{bib:GDML} R. Chytracek et al.,
+% "Geometry Description Markup Language for Physics Simulation and Analysis Applications",
+% IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. 53, Issue: 5, Part 2, 2892-2896,
+% http://gdml.web.cern.ch.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
+
\ No newline at end of file
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+\newcommand{\bbeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}
+\newcommand{\bgamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bdelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}
+\newcommand{\bepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bzeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}
+\newcommand{\bfeta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}
+\newcommand{\btheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}
+\newcommand{\biota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}
+\newcommand{\bkappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}
+\newcommand{\blambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bmu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}
+\newcommand{\bnu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}
+\newcommand{\bxi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}
+\newcommand{\bpi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}
+\newcommand{\brho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}
+\newcommand{\bsigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}
+\newcommand{\btau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}
+\newcommand{\bupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}
+\newcommand{\bchi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}
+\newcommand{\bpsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}
+\newcommand{\bomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bvartheta}{\boldsymbol{\vartheta}}
+\newcommand{\bvaromega}{\boldsymbol{\varomega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarrho}{\boldsymbol{\varrho}}
+\newcommand{\bvarzeta}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}} %NB really sigma
+\newcommand{\bvarsigma}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}}
+\newcommand{\bvarphi}{\boldsymbol{\varphi}}
+%
+% Bold upright capital Greek letters
+%
+\newcommand{\bGamma}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bDelta}{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}
+\newcommand{\bTheta}{\boldsymbol{\Theta}}
+\newcommand{\bLambda}{\boldsymbol{\Lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bXi}{\boldsymbol{\Xi}}
+\newcommand{\bPi}{\boldsymbol{\Pi}}
+\newcommand{\bSigma}{\boldsymbol{\Sigma}}
+\newcommand{\bUpsilon}{\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bPhi}{\boldsymbol{\Phi}}
+\newcommand{\bPsi}{\boldsymbol{\Psi}}
+\newcommand{\bOmega}{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}
+%
+% Bold versions of miscellaneous symbols
+%
+\newcommand{\bpartial}{\boldsymbol{\partial}}
+\newcommand{\bell}{\boldsymbol{\ell}}
+\newcommand{\bimath}{\boldsymbol{\imath}}
+\newcommand{\bjmath}{\boldsymbol{\jmath}}
+\newcommand{\binfty}{\boldsymbol{\infty}}
+\newcommand{\bnabla}{\boldsymbol{\nabla}}
+\newcommand{\bdot}{\boldsymbol{\cdot}}
+%
+% Symbols for caption
+%
+\renewcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\square$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\vartriangle$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\triangledown$}}
+\renewcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\lozenge$}}
+\renewcommand{\fullsquare}{\mbox{$\blacksquare$}}
+\newcommand{\fulldiamond}{\mbox{$\blacklozenge$}}
+\newcommand{\fullstar}{\mbox{$\bigstar$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangle}{\mbox{$\blacktriangle$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangledown}{\mbox{$\blacktriangledown$}}
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `iopams.sty'.
diff --git a/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf.cls b/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3cbfb6ca36d76b05248c714327f1b9bb8e27f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,957 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{jpconf}
+ [2007/03/07 v1.1
+ LaTeX class for Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
+%\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\newcommand\@ptsize{1}
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@letterpaper
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\newif\ifiopams
+\@titlepagefalse
+\@letterpaperfalse
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}%
+\@letterpaperfalse}
+\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {279.4mm}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {215.9mm}%
+\@letterpapertrue}
+\DeclareOption{landscape}
+ {\setlength\@tempdima {\paperheight}%
+ \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {\@tempdima}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
+\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}
+%\ExecuteOptions{A4paper, twoside}
+\ExecuteOptions{A4paper}
+\ProcessOptions
+\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bi}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it}
+\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}
+\input{jpconf1\@ptsize.clo}
+\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
+\@lowpenalty 51
+\@medpenalty 151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\setlength\parindent{5mm}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{8}
+\renewcommand\topfraction{1}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
+\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.99}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{8}
+\renewcommand\textfraction{0.01}
+\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.8}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{6}
+\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{1}
+\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.8}
+\renewcommand{\title}{\@ifnextchar[{\@stitle}{\@ftitle}}
+\pretolerance=5000
+\tolerance=8000
+% Headings for all pages apart from first
+%
+\def\ps@headings{%
+ \let\@oddfoot\@empty
+ \let\@evenfoot\@empty
+ \let\@oddhead\@empty
+ \let\@evenhead\@empty
+ %\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\itshape\rightmark}%
+ %\def\@oddhead{{\itshape\leftmark}\hfil\thepage}%
+ %\def\@evenhead{{\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}\hfill}%
+ %\def\@oddhead{\hfill {\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}%%
+ \let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+ \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
+% Headings for first page
+%
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+ \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+ \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+ \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+ \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
+\def\@stitle[#1]#2{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+ %\pagestyle{empty}%
+ \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+ \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
+ %\Large
+\fontsize{18bp}{24bp}\selectfont\bf\raggedright\noindent#2\par}}
+\def\@ftitle#1{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+ \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+%\pagestyle{empty}%
+ \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000
+ %\Large\raggedright\noindent\bf#1\par}
+\fontsize{18bp}{24bp}\selectfont\bf\noindent\raggedright#1\par}}
+%AUTHOR
+\renewcommand{\author}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sauthor}{\@fauthor}}
+\def\@sauthor[#1]#2{\markright{#1} % for production only
+ \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+ \begin{indented}%
+ \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#2
+ \end{indented}%
+ \smallskip}
+\def\@fauthor#1{%\markright{#1} for production only
+ \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+ \begin{indented}%
+ \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#1
+ \end{indented}%
+ \smallskip}
+%E-MAIL
+\def\eads#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: #1}}
+\def\ead#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: \mailto{#1}}}
+\def\mailto#1{{\tt #1}}
+%ADDRESS
+\newcommand{\address}[1]{\begin{indented}
+ \item[]\rm\raggedright #1
+ \end{indented}}
+\newlength{\indentedwidth}
+\newdimen\mathindent
+\mathindent = 6pc
+\indentedwidth=\mathindent
+% FOOTNOTES
+%\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+% \kern-3\p@
+% \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+% \kern2.6\p@}
+%\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+% \parindent 1em%
+% \noindent
+% \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
+% Footnotes: symbols selected in same order as address indicators
+% unless optional argument of [<num>] use to specify required symbol,
+% 1=\dag, 2=\ddag, etc
+% Usage: \footnote{Text of footnote}
+% \footnote[3]{Text of footnote}
+%
+\def\footnoterule{}%
+\setcounter{footnote}{0}
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent
+ \makebox[1em][l]{\footnotesize\rm$\m@th{\fnsymbol{footnote}}$}%
+ \footnotesize\rm #1}
+\def\@makefnmark{\normalfnmark}
+\def\normalfnmark{\hbox{${\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\altfnmark{\hbox{$^{\rm Note}\ {\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\footNote#1{\let\@makefnmark\altfnmark\footnote{#1}\let\@makefnmark\normalfnmark}
+\def\@thefnmark{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+\def\footnote{\protect\pfootnote}
+\def\pfootnote{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfootnote}{\stepcounter{\@mpfn}%
+ \begingroup\let\protect\noexpand
+ \xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup
+ \@footnotemark\@footnotetext}}
+\def\@xfootnote[#1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+
+\newcommand\ftnote{\protect\pftnote}
+\newcommand\pftnote[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\newcommand{\fnm}[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}\footnotetext}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifnum\thefootnote=99\hbox{*}\else^{\thefootnote}\fi\relax}
+%
+% Address marker
+%
+\newcommand{\ad}[1]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1}$}\relax}
+\newcommand{\adnote}[2]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1,}$}\setcounter{footnote}{#2}%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\def\@tnote{}
+\newcounter{oldftnote}
+\newcommand{\tnote}[1]{*\gdef\@tnote{%
+ \setcounter{oldftnote}{\c@footnote}%
+ \setcounter{footnote}{99}%
+ \footnotetext{#1}%
+ \setcounter{footnote}{\c@oldftnote}\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}}}
+%==================
+% Acknowledgments (no heading if letter)
+% Usage \ack for Acknowledgments, \ackn for Acknowledgement
+\def\ack{\section*{Acknowledgments}}
+\def\ackn{\section*{Acknowledgment}}
+%SECTION DEFINITIONS
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+\renewcommand \thesection {\arabic{section}}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
+\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
+\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
+%\nosections
+\def\nosections{\vspace{30\p@ plus12\p@ minus12\p@}
+ \noindent\ignorespaces}
+
+%\renewcommand{\@startsection}[6]
+%{%
+%\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
+%\par
+% \@tempskipa #4\relax
+%%\@tempskipa 0pt\relax
+% \@afterindenttrue
+% \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
+% \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
+% \fi
+% \if@nobreak
+% \everypar{}%
+% \else
+% \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
+% \fi
+% \@ifstar
+% {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
+% {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
+%\renewcommand{\@sect}[8]{%
+% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+% \let\@svsec\@empty
+% \else
+% \refstepcounter{#1}%
+% \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+% \fi
+% \@tempskipa #5\relax
+% \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+% \begingroup
+% #6{%
+% \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+% \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+% \endgroup
+% \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+% \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+% \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+% \fi
+% #7}%
+% \else
+% \def\@svsechd{%
+% #6{\hskip #3\relax
+% \@svsec #8}%
+% \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+% \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+% \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+% \fi
+% #7}}%
+% \fi
+% \@xsect{#5}}
+%\renewcommand{\@xsect}[1]{%
+% \@tempskipa #1\relax
+% \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+% \par \nobreak
+% \vskip \@tempskipa
+% \@afterheading
+% \else
+% \@nobreakfalse
+% \global\@noskipsectrue
+% \everypar{%
+% \if@noskipsec
+% \global\@noskipsecfalse
+% {\setbox\z@\lastbox}%
+% \clubpenalty\@M
+% \begingroup \@svsechd \endgroup
+% \unskip
+% \@tempskipa #1\relax
+% \hskip -\@tempskipa
+% \else
+% \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
+% \everypar{}%
+% \fi}%
+% \fi
+% \ignorespaces}
+%========================================================================
+\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {1sp}%
+ {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\raggedright}}
+\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {1sp}%
+ {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape\raggedright}}
+\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {-1em \@plus .2em}%
+ {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+ {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
+ {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+ \let\@svsec\@empty\else
+ \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname. }\fi
+ \@tempskipa #5\relax
+ \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+ \begingroup #6\relax
+ \noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
+ \endgroup
+ \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
+ {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+ #7}\else
+ \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax %% \relax added 2 May 90
+ \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
+ {#7}\addcontentsline
+ {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+ #7}}\fi
+ \@xsect{#5}}
+%
+\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
+ \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+ \begingroup #4\noindent{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}\endgroup
+ \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi
+ \@xsect{#3}}
+% LIST DEFINITIONS
+\setlength\leftmargini {2em}
+\leftmargin \leftmargini
+\setlength\leftmarginii {2em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.8em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.6em}
+ \setlength\leftmarginv {1em}
+ \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
+\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini}
+\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
+\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\renewcommand\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
+\renewcommand\theenumiii{\arabic{enumiii}}
+\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
+\newcommand\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}
+\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand\labelenumiv{(\theenumiv)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumii{(\theenumi)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiii{(\theenumi.\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiv{(\theenumi.\theenumii.\theenumiii)}
+\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
+\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
+\renewcommand \theequation {\@arabic\c@equation}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%% Figures
+\newcounter{figure}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{figure}}%
+ {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{figure*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{figure}}{\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{table}}%
+ {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{table*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{table}}%
+ {\end@dblfloat\normalsize\rm}
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+%Table Environments
+%\newenvironment{tableref}[3][\textwidth]{%
+%\begin{center}%
+%\begin{table}%
+%\captionsetup[table]{width=#1}
+%\centering\caption{\label{#2}#3}}{\end{table}\end{center}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\newcounter{figure}
+%\renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure}
+%\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@figure{1}
+%\def\ext@figure{lof}
+%\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure
+%\newenvironment{figure}
+% {\@float{figure}}
+% {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure*
+%\newenvironment{figure*}
+% {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+% {\end@dblfloat}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table
+%\newcounter{table}
+%\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+%\def\fps@table{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@table{2}
+%\def\ext@table{lot}
+%\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+%\newenvironment{table}
+% {\@float{table}}
+% {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table*
+%\newenvironment{table*}
+% {\@dblfloat{table}}
+% {\end@dblfloat}
+%\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+%\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+%\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+%\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+% CAPTIONS
+% Added redefinition of \@caption so captions are not written to
+% aux file therefore less need to \protect fragile commands
+%
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\begingroup
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \normalsize
+ \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+ \endgroup}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{{\bf #1.} #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+ {\bf #1.} #2\par
+ \else
+ \global \@minipagefalse
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+%\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+%\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+%\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+%\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+% \section*{\contentsname
+% \@mkboth{%
+% \MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
+% \@starttoc{toc}%
+% }
+%\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
+% \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+% \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+% \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+% \begingroup
+% \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+% \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+% {\leavevmode
+% \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+% \nobreak
+% \if@compatibility
+% \global\@nobreaktrue
+% \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+% \fi
+% \endgroup
+% \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
+% \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
+% \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+% \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
+% \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
+% \begingroup
+% \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+% \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+% \leavevmode \bfseries
+% \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+% \hskip -\leftskip
+% #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+% \endgroup
+% \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+%\newcommand\listoffigures{%
+% \section*{\listfigurename
+% \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
+% {\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
+% \@starttoc{lof}%
+% }
+%\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand\listoftables{%
+% \section*{\listtablename
+% \@mkboth{%
+% \MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
+% \@starttoc{lot}%
+% }
+%\let\l@table\l@figure
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENTS
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENT: indented
+\newenvironment{indented}{\begin{indented}}{\end{indented}}
+\newenvironment{varindent}[1]{\begin{varindent}{#1}}{\end{varindent}}
+%
+\def\indented{\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+ \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\mathindent\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+ \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endindented=\endlist
+\def\varindent#1{\setlength{\varind}{#1}%
+ \list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+ \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\varind\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+ \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endvarindent=\endlist
+%ENVIRONMENT: abstract
+\newenvironment{abstract}{%
+ \vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt}
+ \begin{indented}
+ \item[]{\bfseries \abstractname.}\quad\rm\ignorespaces}
+ {\end{indented}\vspace{10mm}}
+%ENVIRONMENT: description
+\newenvironment{description}
+ {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+ \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+ {\endlist}
+\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+ \normalfont\bfseries #1}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quotation
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+ {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+ \itemindent \listparindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+ \item[]}
+ {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quote
+\newenvironment{quote}
+ {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+ \item[]}
+ {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: verse
+\newenvironment{verse}
+ {\let\\=\@centercr
+ \list{}{\itemsep \z@
+ \itemindent -1.5em%
+ \listparindent\itemindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+ \item[]}
+ {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: bibliography
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
+\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+ {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+ \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+ \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+ \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+ \def\newblock{\ }
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+% {\section*{References}
+% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+% \leftmargin\labelwidth
+% \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+% \@openbib@code
+% \usecounter{enumiv}%
+% \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+% \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+% \sloppy
+% \clubpenalty4000
+% \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+% \widowpenalty4000%
+% \sfcode`\.\@m}
+% {\def\@noitemerr
+% {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+% \endlist}
+%\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+%\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+%ENVIRONMENT: theindex
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+ {\if@twocolumn
+ \@restonecolfalse
+ \else
+ \@restonecoltrue
+ \fi
+ \columnseprule \z@
+ \columnsep 35\p@
+ \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
+ \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+ {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+ \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+ \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+ \let\item\@idxitem}
+ {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+%=====================
+\def\appendix{\@ifnextchar*{\@appendixstar}{\@appendix}}
+\def\@appendix{\eqnobysec\@appendixstar}
+\def\@appendixstar{\@@par
+ \ifnumbysec % Added 30/4/94 to get Table A1,
+ \@addtoreset{table}{section} % Table B1 etc if numbering by
+ \@addtoreset{figure}{section}\fi % section
+ \setcounter{section}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}
+ \setcounter{table}{0}
+ \def\thesection{Appendix \Alph{section}}
+ \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+ \Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+ \Alph{section}\arabic{equation}\fi} % Comment A\arabic{equation} maybe
+ \def\thetable{\ifnumbysec % better? 15/4/95
+ \Alph{section}\arabic{table}\else
+ A\arabic{table}\fi}
+ \def\thefigure{\ifnumbysec
+ \Alph{section}\arabic{figure}\else
+ A\arabic{figure}\fi}}
+\def\noappendix{\setcounter{figure}{0}
+ \setcounter{table}{0}
+ \def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
+ \def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}}
+\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
+% NAME OF STRUCTURES
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
+\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
+%Miscellaneous commands
+\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+ T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+\newcommand{\jpcsit}{{\bfseries\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\jpcs}{{\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\iopp}{IOP Publishing}
+\newcommand{\cls}{{\upshape\selectfont\texttt{jpconf.cls}}}
+\newcommand{\corg}{conference organizer}
+\newcommand\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+ \space\number\year}
+ \setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+\newcommand{\Tables}{\clearpage\section*{Tables and table captions}
+\def\fps@table{hp}\noappendix}
+\newcommand{\Figures}{\clearpage\section*{Figure captions}
+ \def\fps@figure{hp}\noappendix}
+%
+\newcommand{\Figure}[1]{\begin{figure}
+ \caption{#1}
+ \end{figure}}
+%
+\newcommand{\Table}[1]{\begin{table}
+ \caption{#1}
+ \begin{indented}
+ \lineup
+ \item[]\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}}
+\def\endTable{\end{tabular}\end{indented}\end{table}}
+\let\endtab=\endTable
+%
+\newcommand{\fulltable}[1]{\begin{table}
+ \caption{#1}
+ \lineup
+ \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{15}{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 12pt}}l}}}
+\def\endfulltable{\end{tabular*}\end{table}}
+%BIBLIOGRAPHY and References
+%\newcommand{\Bibliography}[1]{\section*{References}\par\numrefs{#1}}
+%\newcommand{\References}{\section*{References}\par\refs}
+%\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+% {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+% \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+% \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+% \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+% \leftmargin\labelwidth
+% \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+% \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+% \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+% \def\newblock{\ }
+% \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+% \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+%\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+%\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+%\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+%\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+
+\def\thereferences{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@
+\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@
+}\footnotesize\rm
+\def\newblock{\ }
+\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}%
+\let\endthereferences=\endlist
+% MISC EQUATRION STUFF
+%\def\[{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else
+% \begin{trivlist}
+% \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+% \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$ \displaystyle
+% \hskip\mathindent\bgroup\fi}
+%\def\]{\relax\ifmmode \egroup $\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}\else \@badmath \fi}
+%\def\equation{\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+%\refstepcounter{equation}\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $ \displaystyle
+%\hskip\mathindent}
+%\def\endequation{$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth\@eqnnum\egroup \endtrivlist}
+%\@namedef{equation*}{\[}
+%\@namedef{endequation*}{\]}
+%\def\eqnarray{\stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
+%\global\@eqnswtrue
+%\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
+%\abovedisplayskip\topsep\ifvmode\advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep\fi
+%\belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%$$\halign to
+%\linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@
+% {##{}}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne $\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil
+% &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+% \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}
+%\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
+% \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$\global\@ignoretrue }
+%\mathindent = 6pc
+%%
+%\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+% \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+% \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+%%
+%\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
+% \halign to\displaywidth{\hspace{5pc}$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$%
+% \tabskip\z@skip
+% &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfill\tabskip\@centering
+% &\llap{$\@lign\hbox{\rm##}$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
+% #1\crcr}}
+%%
+\newif\ifnumbysec
+\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+ \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+ \arabic{equation}\fi}
+\def\eqnobysec{\numbysectrue\@addtoreset{equation}{section}}
+\newcounter{eqnval}
+\def\numparts{\addtocounter{equation}{1}%
+ \setcounter{eqnval}{\value{equation}}%
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+ \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+ \arabic{section}.\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}%
+ \else\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}\fi}}
+\def\endnumparts{\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+ \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+ \arabic{equation}\fi}%
+ \setcounter{equation}{\value{eqnval}}}
+%
+\def\cases#1{%
+ \left\{\,\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\normalbaselines\openup1\jot\m@th%
+ \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}\hfil$&\tqs
+ \rm##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}%
+\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+ \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+ \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+% OTHER USEFUL BITS
+\newcommand{\e}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rme}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rmi}{\mathrm{i}}
+\newcommand{\rmd}{\mathrm{d}}
+\renewcommand{\qquad}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\tdot}[1]{\stackrel{\dots}{#1}} % Added 1/9/94
+\newcommand{\tqs}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\fl}{\hspace*{-\mathindent}}
+\newcommand{\Tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\Or}{\mathord{\mathrm{O}}} %changed from \mathop 20/1/95
+\newcommand{\lshad}{[\![}
+\newcommand{\rshad}{]\!]}
+\newcommand{\case}[2]{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\pt(#1){({\it #1\/})}
+\newcommand{\dsty}{\displaystyle}
+\newcommand{\tsty}{\textstyle}
+\newcommand{\ssty}{\scriptstyle}
+\newcommand{\sssty}{\scriptscriptstyle}
+\def\lo#1{\llap{${}#1{}$}}
+\def\eql{\llap{${}={}$}}
+\def\lsim{\llap{${}\sim{}$}}
+\def\lsimeq{\llap{${}\simeq{}$}}
+\def\lequiv{\llap{${}\equiv{}$}}
+%
+\newcommand{\eref}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\Eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+\newcommand{\sref}[1]{section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\fref}[1]{figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\tref}[1]{table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Sref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Fref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Tref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\opencircle}{\mbox{\Large$\circ\,$}} % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\rlap{$\sqcap$}\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\triangle$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\bigtriangledown$}}
+\newcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\diamondsuit$}}
+\newcommand{\fullcircle}{\mbox{{\Large$\bullet\,$}}} % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\fullsquare}{\,\vrule height5pt depth0pt width5pt}
+\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
+\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{-\; -\; -\; -}}
+\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
+\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
+\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}
+
+\def\;{\protect\psemicolon}
+\def\psemicolon{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thickmuskip\else\kern .3333em\fi}
+\def\lineup{\def\0{\hbox{\phantom{0}}}%
+ \def\m{\hbox{$\phantom{-}$}}%
+ \def\-{\llap{$-$}}}
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tables rules %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newcommand{\boldarrayrulewidth}{1\p@}
+% Width of bold rule in tabular environment.
+
+\def\bhline{\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height
+\boldarrayrulewidth \futurelet \@tempa\@xhline}
+
+\def\@xhline{\ifx\@tempa\hline\vskip \doublerulesep\fi
+ \ifnum0=`{\fi}}
+
+%
+% Rules for tables with extra space around
+%
+\newcommand{\br}{\ms\bhline\ms}
+\newcommand{\mr}{\ms\hline\ms}
+%
+\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
+\newcommand{\crule}[1]{\multispan{#1}{\hspace*{\tabcolsep}\hrulefill
+ \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}}
+\newcommand{\fcrule}[1]{\ifnum\thetabtype=1\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill
+ \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}\else\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill}\fi}
+%
+% Extra spaces for tables and displayed equations
+%
+\newcommand{\ms}{\noalign{\vspace{3\p@ plus2\p@ minus1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\bs}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\ns}{\noalign{\vspace{-3\p@ plus-1\p@ minus-1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\es}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}\displaystyle}%
+%
+\newcommand{\etal}{{\it et al\/}\ }
+\newcommand{\dash}{------}
+\newcommand{\nonum}{\par\item[]} %\par added 1/9/93
+\newcommand{\mat}[1]{\underline{\underline{#1}}}
+%
+% abbreviations for IOPP journals
+%
+\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
+\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
+\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng\/} }
+\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} } % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
+\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} } % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} }
+\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} } %1968-87
+\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} } %1968--1988
+\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} } %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} } %1975--1988
+\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} } %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.} }
+\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} } %1990 and onwards
+\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
+\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
+\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
+\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
+\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} } % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
+\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} } % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
+\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} } % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
+\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
+%
+% Other commonly quoted journals
+%
+\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
+\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
+\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
+\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
+\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
+\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Japan. J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
+\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
+\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
+\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
+\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Japan\/} }
+\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
+\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
+\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
+\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
+\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
+\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
+\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
+\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
+%===================
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\raggedbottom
+\onecolumn
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `jconf.cls'.
diff --git a/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf11.clo b/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf11.clo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e94a9d3e9ccb2383d6b3df1721603fe48166ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/CHEP2013/jpconf11.clo
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `jpconf11.clo'
+%%
+%% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+\ProvidesFile{jpconf11.clo}[2005/05/04 v1.0 LaTeX2e file (size option)]
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+ \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xipt{13}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 12\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus7\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 6.5\p@ \@plus3.5\p@ \@minus3\p@
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+ \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\newcommand\small{%
+ \@setfontsize\small\@xpt{12}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 11\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus6\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
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+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
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+ \parsep 4.5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+ \itemsep \parsep}%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}
+\newcommand\footnotesize{%
+% \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@xpt\@xiipt
+ \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@ixpt{11}%
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+ \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
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+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
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+\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip}
+\setlength\@maxdepth\maxdepth
+\setlength\footnotesep{8.4\p@}
+\setlength{\skip\footins} {10.8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\floatsep {14\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep {24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\intextsep {16\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\dblfloatsep {16\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\@fptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@fpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@}
+\setlength\partopsep{3\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parsep=\z@
+ \topsep=6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+ \itemsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+ \parsep=\z@
+ \itemsep=\parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep=\z@
+ \parsep=\z@
+ \partopsep=\z@
+ \itemsep=\z@}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `iopart12.clo'.
diff --git a/doc/release.notes b/doc/release.notes
index 9e3565477c365819ec10e56cf06df47fc7846df6..4d9884a50bd8e25d2874c9803cc2747474df7afd 100644
--- a/doc/release.notes
+++ b/doc/release.notes
@@ -2,11 +2,34 @@ DD4hep ---- Release Notes
=================================
- --------
-| v00-05 |
- --------
-
- Markus Frank:
+2013/11/03 Markus Frank
+--------------------------
+ - doc: Add CHEP2013 paper about DD4hep as a start of the documentation
+ section. More to come hopefully.
+ - DDCore: several small improvements:
+ - Segmentations are no longer Ref_t's.
+ - Base internal implementing object directly on the segmentations
+ classes from Christian.
+ - Rearrangement of some code from Handle.h to Primitives.h
+ - Allow to attach extensions to LCDD
+ - DDG4: Fix Frank's simulation problem, which he caused himself
+ introducing his famous factories....
+ - DDG4: First attempt to fix simulation problem with mignetic field.
+ Ready for testing.
+ - DDG4: First commit of a independent simulation aimed for LHCb and LHeC
+ + other newcomers. Documentation needs to be written.
+ Features:
+ - Modular setup of all Geant4 action routines as plugins, including the
+ Run-, event-, tracking-, stacking-, stepping- and generator-actions
+ as well as the physics lists with particle and physics constructors.
+ - Setup is possible in XML or with C++ either as an AClick in root or
+ standalone. Python based starter to come.
+ - Missing is a modular description of the G4 UI and VIS manager(s).
+ - Documentation is to come. Before documentation is not present
+ the usage is discouraged.
+
+2013/10/18 Markus Frank
+--------------------------
- Throw exception if the expression evaluator sees a problem.
The message printed before was often not seen.
- Improve printout on exceptions and plugin abortion
@@ -28,7 +51,10 @@ DD4hep ---- Release Notes
Unclear to me was if in Geant3 steradian is also 2*2*pi or 2*2*180 degree.
- F. Gaede:
+
+
+No-date F. Gaede
+-------------------
- changes to build system:
(see ReadMe.txt for details)