Geant4Converter.cpp

// $Id$
//====================================================================
//  AIDA Detector description implementation for LCD
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//  Author     : M.Frank
//
//====================================================================

#include "DD4hep/LCDD.h"
#include "DD4hep/Plugins.h"
#include "DD4hep/Volumes.h"
#include "DD4hep/Printout.h"
#include "DDG4/Geant4Field.h"
#include "DDG4/Geant4Converter.h"
#include "DDG4/Factories.h"
#include "DDG4/Geant4SensitiveDetector.h"

// ROOT includes
#include "TROOT.h"
#include "TColor.h"
#include "TGeoNode.h"
#include "TGeoShape.h"
#include "TGeoCone.h"
#include "TGeoPcon.h"
#include "TGeoPgon.h"
#include "TGeoSphere.h"
#include "TGeoTorus.h"
#include "TGeoTube.h"
#include "TGeoTrd1.h"
#include "TGeoTrd2.h"
#include "TGeoArb8.h"
#include "TGeoMatrix.h"
#include "TGeoBoolNode.h"
#include "TGeoParaboloid.h"
#include "TGeoCompositeShape.h"
#include "TGeoShapeAssembly.h"
#include "TClass.h"
#include "TMath.h"

#include "G4VSensitiveDetector.hh"
#include "G4VisAttributes.hh"
#include "G4ProductionCuts.hh"
#include "G4VUserRegionInformation.hh"
// Geant4 include files
#include "G4Element.hh"
#include "G4SDManager.hh"
#include "G4Assembly.hh"
#include "G4Box.hh"
#include "G4Trd.hh"
#include "G4Tubs.hh"
#include "G4Cons.hh"
#include "G4Torus.hh"
#include "G4Sphere.hh"
#include "G4Polycone.hh"
#include "G4Polyhedra.hh"
#include "G4UnionSolid.hh"
#include "G4Paraboloid.hh"
#include "G4SubtractionSolid.hh"
#include "G4IntersectionSolid.hh"

#include "G4Region.hh"
#include "G4UserLimits.hh"
#include "G4VSensitiveDetector.hh"

#include "G4LogicalVolume.hh"
#include "G4Material.hh"
#include "G4Element.hh"
#include "G4Isotope.hh"
#include "G4Transform3D.hh"
#include "G4ThreeVector.hh"
#include "G4PVPlacement.hh"
#include "G4ElectroMagneticField.hh"
#include "G4FieldManager.hh"

#include "G4ReflectionFactory.hh"

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>

using namespace DD4hep::Simulation;
using namespace DD4hep::Geometry;
using namespace DD4hep;
using namespace std;

#define private public
#include "G4AssemblyVolume.hh"
#undef private

struct Geant4AssemblyVolume : public G4AssemblyVolume  {
  Geant4AssemblyVolume() {}
  size_t placeVolume(G4LogicalVolume* pPlacedVolume,
		     G4Transform3D&   transformation)  {
    size_t id = fTriplets.size();
    this->AddPlacedVolume(pPlacedVolume,transformation);
    return id;
  }
  void imprint( std::vector<G4VPhysicalVolume*>& nodes,
		G4LogicalVolume*  pMotherLV,
		G4Transform3D&    transformation,
		G4int copyNumBase,
		G4bool surfCheck );
  
};

void Geant4AssemblyVolume::imprint( std::vector<G4VPhysicalVolume*>& nodes,
                                    G4LogicalVolume*  pMotherLV,
                                    G4Transform3D&    transformation,
                                    G4int copyNumBase,
                                    G4bool surfCheck )
{
  G4AssemblyVolume* pAssembly = this;
  unsigned int  numberOfDaughters;  
  if( copyNumBase == 0 )  {
    numberOfDaughters = pMotherLV->GetNoDaughters();
  }
  else  {
    numberOfDaughters = copyNumBase;
  }
  // We start from the first available index
  numberOfDaughters++;
  ImprintsCountPlus();
  
  std::vector<G4AssemblyTriplet> triplets = pAssembly->fTriplets;
  for( unsigned int   i = 0; i < triplets.size(); i++ )  {
    G4Transform3D Ta( *(triplets[i].GetRotation()),
                      triplets[i].GetTranslation() );
    if ( triplets[i].IsReflection() )  { Ta = Ta * G4ReflectZ3D(); }

    G4Transform3D Tfinal = transformation * Ta;
    
    if ( triplets[i].GetVolume() )
    {
      // Generate the unique name for the next PV instance
      // The name has format:
      //
      // av_WWW_impr_XXX_YYY_ZZZ
      // where the fields mean:
      // WWW - assembly volume instance number
      // XXX - assembly volume imprint number
      // YYY - the name of a log. volume we want to make a placement of
      // ZZZ - the log. volume index inside the assembly volume
      //
      std::stringstream pvName;
      pvName << "av_"
             << GetAssemblyID()
             << "_impr_"
             << GetImprintsCount()
             << "_"
             << triplets[i].GetVolume()->GetName().c_str()
             << "_pv_"
             << i
             << std::ends;

      // Generate a new physical volume instance inside a mother
      // (as we allow 3D transformation use G4ReflectionFactory to 
      //  take into account eventual reflection)
      //
      G4PhysicalVolumesPair pvPlaced
        = G4ReflectionFactory::Instance()->Place( Tfinal,
                                                  pvName.str().c_str(),
                                                  triplets[i].GetVolume(),
                                                  pMotherLV,
                                                  false,
                                                  numberOfDaughters + i,
                                                  surfCheck );

      // Register the physical volume created by us so we can delete it later
      //
      fPVStore.push_back( pvPlaced.first );
      nodes.push_back(pvPlaced.first);
      if ( pvPlaced.second )  { // Supported by G4, but not by TGeo!
	fPVStore.push_back( pvPlaced.second ); 
	G4Exception("G4AssemblyVolume::MakeImprint(..)",
		    "GeomVol0003", FatalException,
		    "Fancy construct popping new mother from the stack!");
      }
    }
    else if ( triplets[i].GetAssembly() )    {
      // Place volumes in this assembly with composed transformation
      G4Exception("G4AssemblyVolume::MakeImprint(..)",
                  "GeomVol0003", FatalException,
                  "Assemblies within assembliesare not supported.");
    }
    else    {
      G4Exception("G4AssemblyVolume::MakeImprint(..)",
                  "GeomVol0003", FatalException,
                  "Triplet has no volume and no assembly");
    }  
  }  
}    

namespace {
  static TGeoNode* s_topPtr;
  static string indent = "";
  struct MyTransform3D : public G4Transform3D {
    MyTransform3D(double XX, double XY, double XZ, double DX,
		  double YX, double YY, double YZ, double DY,
		  double ZX, double ZY, double ZZ, double DZ) 
      : G4Transform3D(XX,XY,XZ,DX,YX,YY,YZ,DY,ZX,ZY,ZZ,DZ) {}
  };

  void handleName(const TGeoNode* n)   {
    TGeoVolume* v = n->GetVolume();
    TGeoMedium* m = v->GetMedium();
    TGeoShape*  s = v->GetShape();
    string nam;
    printout(DEBUG,"G4","TGeoNode:'%s' Vol:'%s' Shape:'%s' Medium:'%s'",
	     n->GetName(),v->GetName(),s->GetName(),m->GetName());
  }

  class G4UserRegionInformation : public G4VUserRegionInformation {
  public:
    Region  region;
    double  threshold;
    bool    storeSecondaries;
    G4UserRegionInformation() : threshold(0.0), storeSecondaries(false) {}
    virtual ~G4UserRegionInformation() {}
    virtual void Print() const {
      if ( region.isValid() )
	printout(DEBUG,"Region","Name:%s",region.name());
    }
  };
}

/// Initializing Constructor
Geant4Converter::Geant4Converter( LCDD& lcdd ) 
  : Geant4Mapping(lcdd), m_checkOverlaps(true)
{
  this->Geant4Mapping::init();
}

/// Standard destructor
Geant4Converter::~Geant4Converter()  {
}

/// Dump element in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::handleElement(const string& name, const TGeoElement* element) const {
  G4Element* g4e = data().g4Elements[element];
  if ( !g4e ) {
    g4e = G4Element::GetElement(name,false);
    if ( !g4e ) {
      if ( element->GetNisotopes() > 1 ) {
	g4e = new G4Element(name,element->GetTitle(),element->GetNisotopes());
	for(int i=0, n=element->GetNisotopes(); i<n; ++i) {
	  TGeoIsotope*  iso = element->GetIsotope(i);
	  G4Isotope*  g4iso = G4Isotope::GetIsotope(iso->GetName(),false);
	  if ( !g4iso ) {
	    g4iso = new G4Isotope(iso->GetName(),iso->GetZ(),iso->GetN(),iso->GetA());
	  }
	  g4e->AddIsotope(g4iso,element->GetRelativeAbundance(i));
	}
      }
      else {
	g4e = new G4Element(element->GetTitle(),name,element->Z(),element->A()*(g/mole));
      }
      stringstream str;
      str << (*g4e);
      printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Created G4 %s",str.str().c_str());
    }
    data().g4Elements[element] = g4e;
  }
  return g4e;
}

/// Dump material in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::handleMaterial(const string& name, const TGeoMedium* medium) const {
  G4Material* mat = data().g4Materials[medium];
  if ( !mat ) {
    mat = G4Material::GetMaterial(name,false);
    if ( !mat ) {
      TGeoMaterial* m = medium->GetMaterial();
      G4State       state   = kStateUndefined;
      double        density = m->GetDensity()*(gram/cm3);
      if ( density < 1e-25 ) density = 1e-25;
      switch(m->GetState()) {
      case TGeoMaterial::kMatStateSolid:
	state = kStateSolid;
	break;
      case TGeoMaterial::kMatStateLiquid:
	state = kStateLiquid;
	break;
      case TGeoMaterial::kMatStateGas:
	state = kStateGas;
	break;
      default:
      case TGeoMaterial::kMatStateUndefined:
	state = kStateUndefined;
	break;
      }
      if ( m->IsMixture() ) {
	double A_total = 0.0;
	TGeoMixture* mix = (TGeoMixture*)m;
	int nElements = mix->GetNelements();
	mat = new G4Material(name,density,nElements,
			     state,
			     m->GetTemperature(),
			     m->GetPressure());
	for(int i=0; i<nElements; ++i)
	  A_total += (mix->GetAmixt())[i];
	for(int i=0; i<nElements; ++i) {
	  TGeoElement*  e = mix->GetElement(i);
	  G4Element*  g4e = (G4Element*)handleElement(e->GetName(),e);
	  if ( !g4e ) {
	    printout(ERROR,"Material","Missing component %s for material %s.",
		     e->GetName(), mix->GetName());
	  }
	  mat->AddElement(g4e,(mix->GetAmixt())[i]/A_total);
	}
      }
      else {
	mat = new G4Material(name,m->GetZ(),m->GetA(),density,state,
			     m->GetTemperature(),m->GetPressure());
      }
      stringstream str;
      str << (*mat);
      printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Created G4 %s",str.str().c_str());
    }
    data().g4Materials[medium] = mat;
  }
  return mat;
}

/// Dump solid in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::handleSolid(const string& name, const TGeoShape* shape)   const   {
  G4VSolid* solid = 0;
  if ( shape ) {
    if ( 0 != (solid=data().g4Solids[shape]) ) {
      return solid;
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoShapeAssembly::Class() )   {
      solid = (G4VSolid*)new G4Assembly();
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoBBox::Class() ) {
      const TGeoBBox* s = (const TGeoBBox*)shape;
      solid = new G4Box(name,s->GetDX()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDY()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDZ()*CM_2_MM);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoTube::Class() ) {
      const TGeoTube* s = (const TGeoTube*)shape;
      solid = new G4Tubs(name,s->GetRmin()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRmax()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM,0,2.*M_PI);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoTubeSeg::Class() ) {
      const TGeoTubeSeg* s = (const TGeoTubeSeg*)shape;
      solid = new G4Tubs(name,s->GetRmin()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRmax()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM,s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD,s->GetPhi2()*DEGREE_2_RAD);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoTrd1::Class() ) {
      const TGeoTrd1* s = (const TGeoTrd1*)shape;
      solid = new G4Trd(name,s->GetDx1()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDx2()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDy()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDy()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoTrd2::Class() ) {
      const TGeoTrd2* s = (const TGeoTrd2*)shape;
      solid = new G4Trd(name,s->GetDx1()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDx2()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDy1()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDy2()*CM_2_MM,s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoPgon::Class() ) {
      const TGeoPgon* s = (const TGeoPgon*)shape;
      double phi_start = s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD;
      double phi_total = (s->GetDphi()+s->GetPhi1())*DEGREE_2_RAD;
      vector<double> rmin, rmax, z;
      for( Int_t i=0; i<s->GetNz(); ++i )  {
	rmin.push_back(s->GetRmin(i)*CM_2_MM);
	rmax.push_back(s->GetRmax(i)*CM_2_MM);
	z.push_back(s->GetZ(i)*CM_2_MM);
      }
      solid = new G4Polyhedra(name,phi_start,phi_total,s->GetNedges(),s->GetNz(),&z[0],&rmin[0],&rmax[0]);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoPcon::Class() ) {
      const TGeoPcon* s = (const TGeoPcon*)shape;
      double phi_start = s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD;
      double phi_total = (s->GetDphi()+s->GetPhi1())*DEGREE_2_RAD;
      vector<double> rmin, rmax, z;
      for( Int_t i=0; i<s->GetNz(); ++i )  {
	rmin.push_back(s->GetRmin(i)*CM_2_MM);
	rmax.push_back(s->GetRmax(i)*CM_2_MM);
	z.push_back(s->GetZ(i)*CM_2_MM);
      }
      solid = new G4Polycone(name,phi_start,phi_total,s->GetNz(),&z[0],&rmin[0],&rmax[0]);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoConeSeg::Class() ) {
      const TGeoConeSeg* s = (const TGeoConeSeg*)shape;
      solid = new G4Cons(name, 
			 s->GetRmin1()*CM_2_MM,
			 s->GetRmax1()*CM_2_MM,
			 s->GetRmin2()*CM_2_MM,
			 s->GetRmax2()*CM_2_MM,
			 s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM,
			 s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD, 
			 s->GetPhi2()*DEGREE_2_RAD);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoParaboloid::Class() ) {
      const TGeoParaboloid* s = (const TGeoParaboloid*)shape;
      solid = new G4Paraboloid(name,s->GetDz()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRlo()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRhi()*CM_2_MM);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoSphere::Class() ) {
      const TGeoSphere* s = (const TGeoSphere*)shape;
      solid = new G4Sphere(name,s->GetRmin()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRmax()*CM_2_MM,
			   s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD,s->GetPhi2()*DEGREE_2_RAD,
			   s->GetTheta1()*DEGREE_2_RAD,s->GetTheta2()*DEGREE_2_RAD);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoTorus::Class() ) {
      const TGeoTorus* s = (const TGeoTorus*)shape;
      solid = new G4Torus(name,s->GetRmin()*CM_2_MM,s->GetRmax()*CM_2_MM, s->GetR()*CM_2_MM,
			  s->GetPhi1()*DEGREE_2_RAD,s->GetDphi()*DEGREE_2_RAD);
    }
    else if ( shape->IsA() == TGeoCompositeShape::Class() ) {
      const TGeoCompositeShape* s = (const TGeoCompositeShape*)shape;
      const TGeoBoolNode* boolean = s->GetBoolNode();
      TGeoBoolNode::EGeoBoolType oper = boolean->GetBooleanOperator();
      TGeoMatrix* m     = boolean->GetRightMatrix();
      G4VSolid* left    = (G4VSolid*)handleSolid(name+"_left", boolean->GetLeftShape());
      G4VSolid* right   = (G4VSolid*)handleSolid(name+"_right",boolean->GetRightShape());
      const Double_t *t = m->GetTranslation();
      const Double_t *r = m->GetRotationMatrix();
      
      if ( !left )   {
	throw runtime_error("G4Converter: No left Geant4 Solid present for composite shape:"+name);
      }
      if ( !right )   {
	throw runtime_error("G4Converter: No right Geant4 Solid present for composite shape:"+name);
      }

      if ( m->IsRotation()    )   {
	MyTransform3D transform(r[0],r[1],r[2],t[0]*CM_2_MM,
				r[3],r[4],r[5],t[1]*CM_2_MM,
				r[6],r[7],r[8],t[2]*CM_2_MM);
	if (      oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoSubtraction )
	  solid = new G4SubtractionSolid(name,left,right,transform);
	else if ( oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoUnion )
	  solid = new G4UnionSolid(name,left,right,transform);
	else if ( oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoIntersection )
	  solid = new G4IntersectionSolid(name,left,right,transform);
      }
      else {
	G4ThreeVector transform(t[0]*CM_2_MM,t[1]*CM_2_MM,t[2]*CM_2_MM);
	if (      oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoSubtraction )
	  solid = new G4SubtractionSolid(name,left,right,0,transform);
	else if ( oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoUnion )
	  solid = new G4UnionSolid(name,left,right,0,transform);
	else if ( oper == TGeoBoolNode::kGeoIntersection )
	  solid = new G4IntersectionSolid(name,left,right,0,transform);
      }
    }

    if ( !solid ) {
      string err = "Failed to handle unknown solid shape:" + 
	name + " of type " + string(shape->IsA()->GetName());
      throw runtime_error(err);
    }
    data().g4Solids[shape] = solid;
  }
  return solid;
}

/// Dump logical volume in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::handleVolume(const string& name, const TGeoVolume* volume)   const   {
  Geant4GeometryInfo& info = data();
  G4LogicalVolume* vol = info.g4Volumes[volume];
  if ( !vol ) {
    const TGeoVolume*        v        = volume;
    Volume                   _v       = Ref_t(v);
    string                   n        = v->GetName();
    TGeoMedium*              m        = v->GetMedium();
    TGeoShape*               s        = v->GetShape();
    G4VSolid*                solid    = (G4VSolid*)handleSolid(s->GetName(),s);
    G4Material*              medium   = 0;
    bool                     assembly = s->IsA() == TGeoShapeAssembly::Class();

    SensitiveDetector        det = _v.sensitiveDetector();
    G4VSensitiveDetector*    sd  = 0;

    if ( det.isValid() )   {
      sd = info.g4SensDets[det.ptr()];
      if ( !sd ) {
	throw runtime_error("G4Cnv::volume["+name+"]:    + FATAL Failed to "
			    "access Geant4 sensitive detector.");
      }
      sd->Activate(true);
    }
    LimitSet      lim = _v.limitSet();
    G4UserLimits* user_limits = 0;
    if ( lim.isValid() )   {
      user_limits = info.g4Limits[lim.ptr()];
      if ( !user_limits ) {
	throw runtime_error("G4Cnv::volume["+name+"]:    + FATAL Failed to "
			    "access Geant4 user limits.");
      }
    }
    VisAttr          vis = _v.visAttributes();
    G4VisAttributes* vis_attr = 0;
    if ( vis.isValid() ) {
      vis_attr = (G4VisAttributes*)handleVis(vis.name(),vis.ptr());
    }
    Region    reg = _v.region();
    G4Region* region = 0;
    if ( reg.isValid() )  {
      region =  info.g4Regions[reg.ptr()];
      if ( !region ) {
	throw runtime_error("G4Cnv::volume["+name+"]:    + FATAL Failed to "
			    "access Geant4 region.");
      }
    }

    printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Convert Volume %-32s: %p %s/%s assembly:%s sensitive:%s",
	     n.c_str(),v,s->IsA()->GetName(),v->IsA()->GetName(),(assembly ? "YES" : "NO"),
	     (det.isValid() ? "YES" : "NO"));


    if ( assembly )  {
      vol = (G4LogicalVolume*)new G4AssemblyVolume();
      info.g4Volumes[v] = vol;
      return vol;
    }
    medium = (G4Material*)handleMaterial(m->GetName(),m);
    if ( !solid )   {
      throw runtime_error("G4Converter: No Geant4 Solid present for volume:"+n);
    }
    if ( !medium )   {
      throw runtime_error("G4Converter: No Geant4 material present for volume:"+n);
    }
    if ( user_limits )   {
      printout(DEBUG,"++ Volume     + Apply LIMITS settings:%-24s to volume %s.",lim.name(),_v.name());
    }
    vol = new G4LogicalVolume(solid,medium,n,0,sd,user_limits);
    if ( region )   {
      printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Volume     + Apply REGION settings: %s to volume %s.",reg.name(),_v.name());
      vol->SetRegion(region);
      region->AddRootLogicalVolume(vol);
    }
    if ( vis_attr )   {
      vol->SetVisAttributes(vis_attr);
    }
    if ( sd )   {
      printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Volume:    + %s <> %s Solid:%s Mat:%s SD:%s",
	       name.c_str(),vol->GetName().c_str(),solid->GetName().c_str(),
	       medium->GetName().c_str(),sd->GetName().c_str());
    }
    info.g4Volumes[v] = vol;
    printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter",  "++ Volume     + %s converted: %p ---> G4: %p",n.c_str(),v,vol);
  }
  return vol;
}

/// Dump logical volume in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::collectVolume(const string& /* name */, const TGeoVolume* volume)   const   {
  Geant4GeometryInfo& info = data();
  const TGeoVolume* v = volume;
  Volume            _v  = Ref_t(v);
  Region            reg = _v.region();
  LimitSet          lim = _v.limitSet();
  SensitiveDetector det = _v.sensitiveDetector();

  if ( lim.isValid() ) info.limits[lim.ptr()].insert(v);
  if ( reg.isValid() ) info.regions[reg.ptr()].insert(v);
  if ( det.isValid() ) info.sensitives[det.ptr()].insert(v);
  return (void*)v;
}

/// Dump volume placement in GDML format to output stream
void* Geant4Converter::handlePlacement(const string& name, const TGeoNode* node) const {
  static Double_t identity_rot[] = { 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1. };
  Geant4GeometryInfo& info = data();  
  PlacementMap::const_iterator g4it = info.g4Placements.find(node);
  G4VPhysicalVolume* g4 = (g4it == info.g4Placements.end()) ? 0 : (*g4it).second;
  if ( !g4 )   {
    TGeoVolume*      mot_vol = node->GetMotherVolume();
    TGeoVolume*      vol     = node->GetVolume();
    TGeoMatrix*      trafo   = node->GetMatrix();
    if ( !trafo ) {
      printout(FATAL,"Geant4Converter","++ Attempt to handle placement without transformation:%p %s of type %s vol:%p",
	       node,node->GetName(),node->IsA()->GetName(),vol);
    }
    else if ( 0 == vol ) {
      printout(FATAL,"Geant4Converter","++ Unknown G4 volume:%p %s of type %s vol:%s ptr:%p",
	       node,node->GetName(),node->IsA()->GetName(),vol->IsA()->GetName(),vol);
    }
    else  {
      int                   copy    = node->GetNumber();
      G4LogicalVolume*      g4vol   = info.g4Volumes[vol];
      G4LogicalVolume*      g4mot   = info.g4Volumes[mot_vol];
      Geant4AssemblyVolume* ass_mot = (Geant4AssemblyVolume*)g4mot;
      Geant4AssemblyVolume* ass_dau = (Geant4AssemblyVolume*)g4vol;
      const Double_t*       trans   = trafo->GetTranslation();
      const Double_t*       rot     = trafo->IsRotation() ? trafo->GetRotationMatrix() : identity_rot;
      bool daughter_is_assembly = vol->IsA() == TGeoVolumeAssembly::Class();
      bool mother_is_assembly   = mot_vol ? mot_vol->IsA() == TGeoVolumeAssembly::Class() : false;
      MyTransform3D transform(rot[0],rot[1],rot[2],trans[0]*CM_2_MM,
			      rot[3],rot[4],rot[5],trans[1]*CM_2_MM,
			      rot[6],rot[7],rot[8],trans[2]*CM_2_MM);
      CLHEP::HepRotation rotmat=transform.getRotation();

      if ( mother_is_assembly )  {	  // Mother is an assembly:
	printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Assembly: AddPlacedVolume: %16p dau:%s "
		 "Tr:x=%8.3f y=%8.3f z=%8.3f  Rot:phi=%7.3f theta=%7.3f psi=%7.3f\n",
		 ass_mot,g4vol ? g4vol->GetName().c_str() : "---",
		 transform.dx(),transform.dy(),transform.dz(),
		 rotmat.getPhi(),rotmat.getTheta(),rotmat.getPsi());
	size_t id = ass_mot->placeVolume(g4vol,transform);
	info.g4AssemblyChildren[ass_mot].push_back(make_pair(id,node));
	return 0;
      }
      else if ( daughter_is_assembly )  {
	printout(DEBUG,"Geant4Converter","++ Assembly: makeImprint: %16p dau:%s "
		 "Tr:x=%8.3f y=%8.3f z=%8.3f  Rot:phi=%7.3f theta=%7.3f psi=%7.3f\n",
		 ass_dau,g4mot ? g4mot->GetName().c_str() : "---",
		 transform.dx(),transform.dy(),transform.dz(),
		 rotmat.getPhi(),rotmat.getTheta(),rotmat.getPsi());
	std::vector<G4VPhysicalVolume*> phys_volumes;
	AssemblyChildMap::iterator i = info.g4AssemblyChildren.find(ass_dau);
	if ( i == info.g4AssemblyChildren.end() )  {
	  printout(ERROR, "Geant4Converter", "++ Non-existing assembly [%p]",ass_dau);
	}
	const AssemblyChildren& v = (*i).second;
	ass_dau->imprint(phys_volumes,g4mot,transform,copy,m_checkOverlaps);
	if ( v.size() != phys_volumes.size() )   {
	  printout(ERROR, "Geant4Converter", "++ Unexpected number of placements in assembly: %ld <> %ld.",
		   v.size(), phys_volumes.size());
	}
	for(size_t j=0; j<v.size(); ++j)  {
	  info.g4Placements[v[j].second] = phys_volumes[j];
	}
	return 0;
      }
      g4 = new G4PVPlacement(transform, // no rotation
			     g4vol,     // its logical volume
			     name,      // its name
			     g4mot,     // its mother (logical) volume
			     false,     // no boolean operations
			     copy,      // its copy number
			     m_checkOverlaps);
    }
    info.g4Placements[node] = g4;
  }
  else {
   printout(ERROR, "Geant4Converter", "++ Attempt to DOUBLE-place physical volume: %s No:%d",
	    name.c_str(),node->GetNumber());
  }
  return g4;
}

/// Convert the geometry type region into the corresponding Geant4 object(s).
void* Geant4Converter::handleRegion(const TNamed* region, const set<const TGeoVolume*>& /* volumes */) const  {
  G4Region* g4 = data().g4Regions[region];
  if ( !g4 )   {
    Region r = Ref_t(region);
    g4 = new G4Region(r.name());
    // set production cut
    G4ProductionCuts* cuts = new G4ProductionCuts();
    cuts->SetProductionCut(r.cut());
    g4->SetProductionCuts(cuts);

    // create region info with storeSecondaries flag
    G4UserRegionInformation* info = new G4UserRegionInformation();
    info->region = r;
    info->threshold = r.threshold();
    info->storeSecondaries = r.storeSecondaries();
    g4->SetUserInformation(info);

    printout(INFO, "Geant4Converter", "++ Converted region settings of:%s.",r.name());
    vector<string>& limits = r.limits();
    for(vector<string>::const_iterator i=limits.begin(); i!=limits.end(); ++i) {
      const string& nam = *i;
      LimitSet ls = m_lcdd.limitSet(nam);
      if ( ls.isValid() ) {
	bool found = false;
	const LimitMap& lm = data().g4Limits;
	for(LimitMap::const_iterator j=lm.begin(); j!=lm.end();++j) {
	  if ( nam == (*j).first->GetName() ) {
	    g4->SetUserLimits((*j).second);
	    found = true;
	    break;
	  }
	}
	if ( found ) continue;
      }
      throw runtime_error("G4Region: Failed to resolve user limitset:"+*i);
    }
    data().g4Regions[region] = g4;    
  }
  return g4;
}

/// Convert the geometry type LimitSet into the corresponding Geant4 object(s).
void* Geant4Converter::handleLimitSet(const TNamed* limitset, const set<const TGeoVolume*>& /* volumes */) const  {
  G4UserLimits* g4   = data().g4Limits[limitset];
  if ( !g4 )   {
    LimitSet ls = Ref_t(limitset);
    g4 = new G4UserLimits(limitset->GetName());
    const set<Limit>& limits = ls.limits();
    for(LimitSet::Object::const_iterator i=limits.begin(); i!=limits.end(); ++i) {
      const Limit& l = *i;
      if ( l.name == "step_length_max" )
	g4->SetMaxAllowedStep(l.value);
      else if ( l.name == "track_length_max" )
	g4->SetMaxAllowedStep(l.value);
      else if ( l.name == "time_max" )
	g4->SetUserMaxTime(l.value);
      else if ( l.name == "ekin_min" )
	g4->SetUserMinEkine(l.value);
      else if ( l.name == "range_min" )
	g4->SetUserMinRange(l.value);
      else
	throw runtime_error("Unknown Geant4 user limit: "+l.toString());
    }
    data().g4Limits[limitset] = g4;
  }
  return g4;
}

/// Convert the geometry type SensitiveDetector into the corresponding Geant4 object(s).
void* Geant4Converter::handleSensitive(const TNamed* sens_det, const set<const TGeoVolume*>& /* volumes */) const  {
  Geant4GeometryInfo& info = data();
  G4VSensitiveDetector* g4 = info.g4SensDets[sens_det];
  if ( !g4 )   {
    SensitiveDetector sd = Ref_t(sens_det);
    string type = sd.type(), name = sd.name();
    g4 = PluginService::Create<G4VSensitiveDetector*>(type,name,&m_lcdd);
    if ( !g4 ) {
      string tmp = type;
      tmp[0] = ::toupper(tmp[0]);
      type = "Geant4"+tmp;
      g4 = PluginService::Create<G4VSensitiveDetector*>(type,name,&m_lcdd);
      if ( !g4 )  {
	PluginDebug dbg;
	g4 = ROOT::Reflex::PluginService::Create<G4VSensitiveDetector*>(type,name,&m_lcdd);
	throw runtime_error("Geant4Converter<SensitiveDetector>: FATAL Failed to "
			    "create Geant4 sensitive detector factory "+name+" of type "+type+".");
      }
    }
    g4->Activate(true);
    G4SDManager::GetSDMpointer()->AddNewDetector(g4);
    info.g4SensDets[sens_det] = g4;
  }
  return g4;
}

/// Convert the geometry visualisation attributes to the corresponding Geant4 object(s).
void* Geant4Converter::handleVis(const string& /* name */, const TNamed* vis) const  {
  Geant4GeometryInfo& info = data();
  G4VisAttributes* g4 = info.g4Vis[vis];
  if ( !g4 )   {
    float   r=0, g=0, b=0;
    VisAttr attr  = Ref_t(vis);
    int     style = attr.lineStyle();
    attr.rgb(r,g,b);
    g4 = new G4VisAttributes(attr.visible(),G4Colour(r,g,b,attr.alpha()));
    //g4->SetLineWidth(attr->GetLineWidth());
    g4->SetDaughtersInvisible(!attr.showDaughters());
    if ( style == VisAttr::SOLID ) {
      g4->SetLineStyle(G4VisAttributes::unbroken);
      g4->SetForceWireframe(false);
      g4->SetForceSolid(true);
    }
    else if ( style == VisAttr::WIREFRAME || style == VisAttr::DASHED ) {
      g4->SetLineStyle(G4VisAttributes::dashed);
      g4->SetForceSolid(false);
      g4->SetForceWireframe(true);
    }
    info.g4Vis[vis] = g4;
  }
  return g4;
}

/// Handle the geant 4 specific properties
void Geant4Converter::handleProperties(LCDD::Properties& prp)   const {
  map<string,string> processors;
  static int s_idd = 9999999;
  string id;
  for(LCDD::Properties::const_iterator i=prp.begin(); i!=prp.end(); ++i) {
    const string& nam = (*i).first;
    const LCDD::PropertyValues& vals = (*i).second;
    if ( nam.substr(0,6) == "geant4" ) {
      LCDD::PropertyValues::const_iterator id_it = vals.find("id");
      if ( id_it != vals.end() )  {
	id= (*id_it).second;
      }
      else {
	char txt[32];
	::sprintf(txt,"%d",++s_idd);
	id = txt;
      }
      processors.insert(make_pair(id,nam));
    }
  }
  for(map<string,string>::const_iterator i=processors.begin(); i!=processors.end(); ++i) {
    const Geant4Converter* ptr = this;
    string nam = (*i).second;
    const LCDD::PropertyValues& vals = prp[nam];
    string type = vals.find("type")->second;
    string tag  = type + "_Geant4_action";
    long result = ROOT::Reflex::PluginService::Create<long>(tag,&m_lcdd,ptr,&vals);
    if ( 0 == result ) {
      throw runtime_error("Failed to locate plugin to interprete files of type"
			  " \""+tag+"\" - no factory:"+type);
    }
    result = *(long*)result;
    if ( result != 1 ) {
      throw runtime_error("Failed to invoke the plugin "+tag+" of type "+type);
    }
    printout(INFO, "Geant4Converter", "+++++ Executed Successfully Geant4 setup module *%s*.",type.c_str());
  }
}


/// Convert the geometry type SensitiveDetector into the corresponding Geant4 object(s).
void* Geant4Converter::printSensitive(const TNamed* sens_det, const set<const TGeoVolume*>& /* volumes */) const  {
  Geant4GeometryInfo&   info = data();
  G4VSensitiveDetector* g4   = info.g4SensDets[sens_det];
  ConstVolumeSet& volset = info.sensitives[sens_det];
  SensitiveDetector   sd = Ref_t(sens_det);
  stringstream str;

  printout(INFO, "Geant4Converter", "++ SensitiveDetector: %-18s %-20s Hits:%-16s",
	   sd.name(), ("["+sd.type()+"]").c_str(),sd.hitsCollection().c_str());
  str << "                    | "
      << "Cutoff:" << setw(6) << left << sd.energyCutoff()
      << setw(5) << right << volset.size() << " volumes ";
  if ( sd.region().isValid() ) str << " Region:" << setw(12) << left << sd.region().name();
  if ( sd.limits().isValid() ) str << " Limits:" << setw(12) << left << sd.limits().name();
  str << ".";
  printout(INFO, "Geant4Converter", str.str().c_str());

  for(ConstVolumeSet::iterator i=volset.begin(); i!=volset.end();++i)    {
    map<const TGeoVolume*, G4LogicalVolume*>::iterator v = info.g4Volumes.find(*i);
    G4LogicalVolume* vol = (*v).second;
    str.str("");
    str << "                                   | "
	<< "Volume:" << setw(24) << left << vol->GetName() 
	<< " " << vol->GetNoDaughters() << " daughters.";
    printout(INFO, "Geant4Converter", str.str().c_str());
  }
  return g4;
}

string printSolid(G4VSolid* sol) {
  stringstream str;
  if ( typeid(*sol) == typeid(G4Box) ) {
    const G4Box* b = (G4Box*)sol;
    str << "++ Box: x=" << b->GetXHalfLength() << " y=" << b->GetYHalfLength() << " z=" << b->GetZHalfLength();
  }
  else if ( typeid(*sol) == typeid(G4Tubs) ) {
    const G4Tubs* t = (const G4Tubs*)sol;
    str << " Tubs: Ri=" << t->GetInnerRadius() << " Ra=" << t->GetOuterRadius() 
	<< " z/2=" << t->GetZHalfLength() << " Phi=" << t->GetStartPhiAngle() 
	<< "..." << t->GetDeltaPhiAngle ();
  }
  return str.str();
}

/// Print G4 placement
void* Geant4Converter::printPlacement(const string& name, const TGeoNode* node) const {
  Geant4GeometryInfo&  info = data();  
  G4VPhysicalVolume* g4 = info.g4Placements[node];
  G4LogicalVolume*  vol = info.g4Volumes[node->GetVolume()];
  G4LogicalVolume*  mot = info.g4Volumes[node->GetMotherVolume()];
  G4VSolid*         sol = vol->GetSolid();
  G4ThreeVector      tr = g4->GetObjectTranslation();
  
  G4VSensitiveDetector* sd = vol->GetSensitiveDetector();
  if ( !sd ) return g4;

  stringstream str;
  str << "G4Cnv::placement: + " << name << " No:" << node->GetNumber()
      << " Vol:" << vol->GetName() << " Solid:" << sol->GetName();
  printout(DEBUG,"G4Placement",str.str().c_str());
  str.str("");
  str << "                  |" 
      << " Loc: x=" << tr.x() << " y=" << tr.y() << " z=" << tr.z();
  printout(DEBUG,"G4Placement",str.str().c_str());
  printout(DEBUG,"G4Placement",printSolid(sol).c_str());
  str.str("");
  str << "                  |" 
      << " Ndau:" << vol->GetNoDaughters() << " physvols." 
      << " Mat:" << vol->GetMaterial()->GetName()
      << " Mother:" << (char*)(mot ? mot->GetName().c_str() : "---");
  printout(DEBUG,"G4Placement",str.str().c_str());
  str.str("");
  str << "                  |" 
      << " SD:" << (char*)(sd ? sd->GetName().c_str() : "---");
  printout(DEBUG,"G4Placement",str.str().c_str());
  return g4;
}

template <typename O, typename C, typename F> void handle(const O* o, const C& c, F pmf)  {
  for(typename C::const_iterator i=c.begin(); i != c.end(); ++i) {
    (o->*pmf)((*i)->GetName(),*i);
  }
}

template <typename O, typename C, typename F> void handleMap(const O* o, const C& c, F pmf)  {
  for(typename C::const_iterator i=c.begin(); i != c.end(); ++i)
    (o->*pmf)((*i).first, (*i).second);
}

template <typename O, typename C, typename F> void handleRMap(const O* o, const C& c, F pmf)  {
  for(typename C::const_reverse_iterator i=c.rbegin(); i != c.rend(); ++i)
    handle(o, (*i).second, pmf);
}

/// Create geometry conversion
Geant4Converter& Geant4Converter::create(DetElement top) {
  Geant4GeometryInfo& geo = this->init();
  m_data->clear();
  collect(top, geo);
  s_topPtr = top.placement().ptr();
  m_checkOverlaps = false;

  // We do not have to handle defines etc.
  // All positions and the like are not really named.
  // Hence, start creating the G4 objects for materials, solids and log volumes.
  Material mat = m_lcdd.material("Argon");
  handleMaterial(mat.name(),mat.ptr());
  mat = m_lcdd.material("Silicon");
  handleMaterial(mat.name(),mat.ptr());

  handle(this, geo.volumes,   &Geant4Converter::collectVolume);
  handle(this, geo.solids,    &Geant4Converter::handleSolid);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld solids.",geo.solids.size());
  handle(this, geo.vis,       &Geant4Converter::handleVis);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld visualization attributes.",geo.vis.size());
  handleMap(this, geo.sensitives, &Geant4Converter::handleSensitive);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld sensitive detectors.",geo.sensitives.size());
  handleMap(this, geo.limits, &Geant4Converter::handleLimitSet);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld limit sets.",geo.limits.size());
  handleMap(this, geo.regions, &Geant4Converter::handleRegion);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld regions.",geo.regions.size());
  handle(this, geo.volumes,   &Geant4Converter::handleVolume);
  printout(INFO,"Geant4Converter","++ Handled %ld volumes.",geo.volumes.size());
  // Now place all this stuff appropriately
  handleRMap(this, *m_data, &Geant4Converter::handlePlacement);
  //==================== Fields
  handleProperties(m_lcdd.properties());

  //handleMap(this, geo.sensitives, &Geant4Converter::printSensitive);
  //handleRMap(this, *m_data, &Geant4Converter::printPlacement);
  geo.valid = true;
  return *this;
}